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Province of Messina

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What is a “risk”?

The probability of a natural phenomenon taking place.
The adoption of dangerous behaviour by a person.
The possibility that a phenomenon may cause harmful effects on population and infrastructure in a given area and period.

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What is a “danger”?

The possibility of a natural event causing harmful effects on people.
The possibility of a natural event causing harmful effects on infrastructure.
The intrinsic property of a factor that can potentially harm.

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Is it possible to estimate a risk numerically?

Yes, it is possible to estimate it, but only empirically.
Yes, it is possible to estimate it with formulas such as Risk=DangerousnessxVulnerabilityxExposure.
No, it is not possible to estimate it in any way.

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A minor earthquake strikes the area. You don’t know the rules of behaviour and where the nearest waiting area is.

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You have just completed the Civil Protection “PRONTI ALL’AZIONE” (READY FOR ACTION) course, and you are ready to join the team as a volunteer.

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You are in your house on the third floor when the ground starts shaking. What do you do?

You run out of the house using the lift.
You take cover under a door jamb on a supporting wall, waiting for the end of the tremor.
You run out of the house using the stairs.

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You notice apparent damages in your house after a strong earthquake. What do you do?

You leave the building and go to the waiting areas foreseen by the Civil Protection Plan.
You stay in the building to secure personal belongings.
You enter the building carefully to check the damage.

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You are hiking on Stromboli but are fined because you did not comply with an ordinance restricting access at high altitudes during volcanic eruptive activity.

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A significant flood hits the territory. Which of the following actions should be avoided?

Turn off the gas and switch off the electrical system.
Reach the highest floors of the building.
Drink tap water.

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Local government buys new uniforms for all local civil protection volunteers

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Landslide events are often closely linked to meteorological events:

False, landslide risk does not vary with weather conditions.
True, we speak of hydrogeological risk because the action of water is often a determining factor in landslide events.

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Etna is erupting, and some roads are closed, but you discover this late as you have not listened to the Civil Protection bulletins.

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Rapid mudflows

They are not very dangerous because they have little erosive power.
Are particularly dangerous in channels that have been cleared of vegetation.
Are only linked to the amount of rain that has fallen and do not depend on human action.

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What is an industrial risk?

The possibility of an accident occurring in an industrial plant, causing damage to the population and the environment.
The possibility that industries already present in the area make the water and air polluted and therefore toxic.
The probability that a vehicle accident will occur.

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You participate in an event organised by your municipality where you learn about the Civil Protection plan for emergencies

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Minor flooding requires Civil Protection intervention, but the water pump breaks down

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The east coast of Sicily:

Has a high tidal wave risk due to the seismicity of the area.
Does not have a particular tidal wave risk.

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What are the principal civil protection instruments for preventing risks in the territory?

Alerting, planning, setting up shelter areas, information to the population and exercises.
Risk management and forecasting software.
Alerting, planning, training of volunteers, information to the population and exercises.

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Can Stromboli’s eruptive activity cause a greater fire risk for the territory?

Yes, one of the effects of lava eruptions is to produce fires.
No, the risk is equivalent.

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A forest fire is hardly put out because some water lances are malfunctioning

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Is the dangerousness of heat waves greater in cities?

No, the risk is basically the same in suburban and rural areas.
Yes, in large cities, the temperature is higher than in suburban or rural environments.

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The Civil Protection promotes risk prevention actions in the territory…

In order to avoid or limit damage in the event of an emergency.
In order to completely avoid disastrous events.

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What does rescue activity consist of?

In the totality of interventions for the protection of life and first assistance to affected populations.
In the transfer of affected populations to tent camps built in safe locations.
In the timely reconstruction of damaged buildings so that the affected populations can return to normality as soon as possible.

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Greenhouse gas emissions have not yet been decreased, and climate change is advancing. Large areas of the island are now desertified.

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An earthquake alarms your town, but thanks to the knowledge gained by the citizens of your municipality about waiting areas, squares, schools and strategic public buildings, the evacuation of buildings takes place in an orderly and safe manner.

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In what does overcoming the emergency consist?

In tackling the activities of daily life positively and purposefully.
The emergency is considered over five years after the events have affected the territories.
In the initiatives necessary to remove obstacles to resuming normal living conditions in the affected territories.

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Health risk is:

Challenging to foresee because it is often the consequence of other risks or disasters.
Easily foreseeable as epidemics have a regular cadence.

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During a fire-fighting operation, one of the supplied Pick-up trucks breaks down

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It has been raining a lot for several days, and you notice fractures in the ground or unusual rumbles or noises in the surrounding area. What do you do:

You move away from the location.
You stand still and wait for the rain to stop.
You move to a bridge.

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You meet the director of the Sicilian Civil Protection, who presents you with an award for your work as a volunteer

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What are the most typical manifestations of hydrogeological phenomena?

Landslides, floods, coastal erosion, subsidence and avalanches.
Fires, heat waves, coastal erosion and avalanches.
Earthquakes and tidal waves.

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A new epidemic afflicts much of the world, but the pandemic prevention plan is outdated.

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The city of Messina is enveloped by a particularly high concentration of fine dust. The civil protection:

Is not competent in the matter, which is taken care of by ARPA.
Provides measures to limit traffic.
Only contributes to air monitoring.

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How do you fight forest fires?

Avoiding bad behaviour such as lighting fires and smoking in the woods.
With maintenance and cleaning operations, creation of firebreaks, training and information activities to prevent bad behaviour, promote knowledge of the risk and adopt correct behavioural norms.
Watering the forests periodically to prevent them from drying out and creating fire-fighting environments.

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You successfully participate in a civil protection exercise on seismic risk.

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A significant eruption event on Etna causes severe damage to some villages. Evacuation procedures had not been adequately tested.

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What are the four activities that characterise the civil protection system in Italy?

Prediction, prevention, training and action.
Planning, rescue, protection, study.
Prediction, prevention, management and overcoming the emergency.

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A new eruption of Etna is in progress, and you must take a flight from Catania...

You check the bulletins issued by civil protection and the warnings published by Catania airport because flights could be cancelled or diverted because of the volcanic ash.
You are fine because Etna is several kilometres from the airport.
You choose the car because even if the volcanic ash blocked air traffic, the roads would certainly be spared the inconvenience.

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When do we talk about volcanic risk?

When carrying out trekking activities in volcanic areas, the risk increases as you get closer to the crater.
When a volcano is erupting and lava flows out of the crater, forming more or less large lava flows.
When the activities of a volcano interact with the presence of man in that area.

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You join a voluntary association that participates in Civil Protection activities. You also become an influencer by recounting your experience on social media.

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A strong earthquake terrifies the city of Messina, and you are in your house. What place do you choose to take shelter?

The stairs, especially those on high floors.
The bedroom.
A doorway or the corner of a wall.

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What is the COC?

The Municipal Operations Center, an emergency structure managed by the mayors in case of emergency.
A guide figure to help the volunteers and the entire civil protection team raise their physical, technical, tactical and psychological potential in the event of an emergency.
A means of transport that the Civil Protection uses in case of flooding.

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When emergencies are reported, rescue operations are managed by:

Operational Emergency Response Units, directly in the province where the event takes place.
Sala Operativa Regionale Integrata Siciliana (SORIS), a single operations room that manages interventions.
Civil Protection volunteers on duty at headquarters.

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A strong earthquake hits your area. Unfortunately, the buildings had not been renovated according to reasonable earthquake-proof requirements, and considerable damage occurred.

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Why is Sicily at high seismic risk?

Because Sicily is characterised by continuous seismic activity due to the presence of two active volcanoes, Etna and Stromboli.
Because Sicily is part of the African plate and, according to the theory of plate tectonics, according to which the continents move on the earth’s mantle, the African continent is moving southwards by 7 millimetres every year, and this causes seismic activity.
Because Sicily is located along the contact zone between the European and African plates, which, according to the theory of plate tectonics, causes the rocks to break due to the pressure exerted on the crust.

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